Autism

Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Learning Differences

High-Functioning Autism (ASD Level 1): Symptoms, Traits, and Support Strategies

Authored by: The DrSensory Editorial Team

Reviewed by: 🛡️ DrSensory Clinical Review Board

Last updated: June 2025

All medical content on this page has been reviewed and approved by licensed Doctors on the DrSensory Clinical Review Board. Our reviewers follow strict editorial standards and ensure alignment with current APTA guidelines, evidence-based practice, and orthopedic rehabilitation protocols.

What is High-Functioning Autism and how is it classified today?

High-Functioning Autism is a non-clinical term often used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who have average or above-average intelligence and can speak fluently. While this label is still widely recognized by the public, it’s no longer used in official diagnoses. Under the DSM-5, most people previously labeled with High-Functioning Autism are now diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1 (ASD Level 1).

ASD Level 1 means the person requires support, particularly in social communication, flexible thinking, and emotional regulation, but does not have significant intellectual or language delays.

What are the symptoms and traits of High-Functioning Autism?

Individuals with High-Functioning Autism (ASD Level 1) often show signs such as:

  • Difficulty with social interactions (e.g., reading facial expressions or body language)
  • Rigid routines and strong preference for sameness
  • Intense focus on specific interests or topics
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g., to lights, sounds, or textures)
  • Struggles with executive functioning (planning, organizing, managing time)
  • May experience anxiety, depression, or ADHD as co-occurring conditions

Because these symptoms are often subtle or masked, High-Functioning Autism is sometimes diagnosed later in childhood or even adulthood.

How is High-Functioning Autism different from Asperger’s Syndrome?

Asperger’s Syndrome was once a standalone diagnosis used to describe individuals with autism who had no speech delays and average or above-average IQ. In 2013, Asperger’s was folded into the broader Autism Spectrum Disorder category under the DSM-5.

Today, most people who would have received an Asperger’s diagnosis are considered to have ASD Level 1—which is similar to what many still refer to as High-Functioning Autism. The difference lies mainly in terminology, though some in the autism community still identify with the Asperger’s label personally.

What kind of support helps individuals with High-Functioning Autism succeed?

People with ASD Level 1 benefit from targeted supports to help with social, emotional, and executive functioning challenges. These may include:

  • Social skills training
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for anxiety or emotional regulation
  • Speech therapy to improve pragmatic (social) language
  • Executive functioning coaching or school accommodations (504 Plans or IEPs)
  • Sensory supports or routines tailored to their needs

While they may not require constant support, individuals with High-Functioning Autism often thrive best with consistent, strengths-based interventions.

Can adults have High-Functioning Autism and go undiagnosed?

Yes, many adults—especially women or those with strong masking skills—live with undiagnosed High-Functioning Autism. They may have always struggled with social situations, anxiety, or rigid routines, but were misdiagnosed or overlooked as children. Today, more adults are being diagnosed with ASD Level 1, often after recognizing traits in themselves or a child.

Late diagnosis can offer clarity and access to resources like therapy, community support, and self-advocacy tools.

This page provides general educational content and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a licensed provider for diagnosis and treatment.

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