Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Learning Differences

Guide

What Is Dyscalculia? Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Authored by: The DrSensory Editorial Team

Reviewed by: 🛡️ DrSensory Clinical Review Board

Last updated: June 2025

All medical content on this page has been reviewed and approved by licensed Doctors on the DrSensory Clinical Review Board. Our reviewers follow strict editorial standards and ensure alignment with current APTA guidelines, evidence-based practice, and orthopedic rehabilitation protocols.

14 min read

Dyscalculia in Children: Understanding Math Learning Disabilities

Dyscalculia is a specific learning disorder that impacts a child’s ability to understand numbers, learn math facts, and perform basic calculations. Often misunderstood and underdiagnosed, dyscalculia can severely impact a child’s academic performance and self-esteem if not identified early.

What Is Dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia—sometimes referred to as “math dyslexia”—is a brain-based condition that interferes with:

  • Number sense
  • Arithmetic fluency
  • Problem-solving
  • Memorization of math facts
  • Spatial reasoning (often linked with geometry or word problems)

Unlike a general dislike of math, dyscalculia is a neurological difference in how the brain processes numerical information.

Signs and Symptoms of Dyscalculia

Identifying dyscalculia early is key. Common signs include:

  • Difficulty recognizing numbers or patterns
  • Struggles with basic math facts (e.g., addition, subtraction)
  • Trouble telling time or estimating amounts
  • Confusion with math symbols (+, −, ×, ÷)
  • Poor sense of direction or difficulty with spatial awareness
  • Anxiety or frustration when faced with math tasks

These signs may appear as early as preschool and often become more noticeable by 1st or 2nd grade.

Causes and Risk Factors

Dyscalculia has a neurological origin and often coexists with other developmental or learning disorders such as:

  • Dyslexia
  • ADHD
  • Language Processing Disorders
  • Executive Function Deficits
  • Sensory Processing Disorder

Genetic and environmental factors may also play a role. It’s not caused by poor teaching or lack of effort.

How Dyscalculia Is Diagnosed

A formal diagnosis often involves a team-based approach, including:

  • Neuropsychological testing
  • Cognitive and academic assessments
  • Speech-language evaluations
  • Occupational therapy screening for visual-motor and executive functioning skills

Speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists frequently participate in identifying underlying challenges contributing to dyscalculia.

Best Therapy Options for Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia treatment is individualized and typically includes support from multiple disciplines:

✅ Speech-Language Therapy (SLP)

  • Language-based math instruction (word problems, number vocabulary)
  • Working memory strategies
  • Sequencing and problem-solving techniques

✅ Occupational Therapy (OT)

  • Visual-spatial skills development
  • Handwriting and number formation
  • Executive functioning support (planning, organization, attention)

✅ Physical Therapy (PT)

  • Body awareness and coordination (important for spatial concepts)
  • Postural support for improved focus and endurance
  • Sensory integration strategies for students with overlapping SPD

Evidence-Based Educational Strategies

  • Multisensory Math Instruction (touch, visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
  • Use of manipulatives (blocks, counters, number lines)
  • Chunking and scaffolding techniques
  • Math-focused educational software and apps
  • One-on-one or small group interventions

Early intervention makes a measurable difference in math confidence and performance.

At-Home Tips for Parents

  • Play math-based games like dice, cards, and board games
  • Break tasks into small, achievable steps
  • Use visuals like charts and number lines
  • Incorporate math into daily routines (cooking, shopping, time-telling)
  • Praise effort over accuracy to build confidence

🧑‍⚕️ Find Therapists Who Specialize in Dyscalculia

DrSensory connects families with professionals who specialize in math learning disabilities, including dyscalculia. Our therapist directory includes:

✅ Licensed Occupational Therapists, Speech-Language Pathologists, and Physical Therapists

✅ Search by location, specialty, or insurance

✅ Verified profiles you can trust

✅ In-person and telehealth options available

👉 Search the DrSensory Therapist Directory Now

📣 Are You a Therapist Who Treats Dyscalculia?

Join DrSensory’s exclusive network to:

  • Reach families actively searching for help
  • Showcase your expertise in learning disabilities
  • Collaborate with multidisciplinary professionals
  • Enhance your visibility online

👉 Add Your Therapy Practice to DrSensory

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Is dyscalculia the same as being “bad at math”?

No. Dyscalculia is a diagnosed learning disorder with neurological underpinnings. It’s not due to laziness or lack of instruction.

Can you outgrow dyscalculia?

While it may not be “outgrown,” with consistent support and therapy, individuals can learn to manage it effectively.

Is dyscalculia a form of dyslexia?

They are different but can co-occur. Dyslexia affects reading; dyscalculia affects numbers and math reasoning.

What age can a child be tested for dyscalculia?

Concerns can arise in early elementary years, but a formal diagnosis often occurs between ages 6–9.

This page provides general educational content and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a licensed provider for diagnosis and treatment.

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